Bronchial artery embolisation in the management of chronic recurrent haemoptysis.

1. The clinical indication of BAE in acute major haemoptysis has been well accepted as it might be life-threatening if not promptly controlled. However, the usefulness of BAE in chronic recurrent haemoptysis (defined by the authors as having two episodes within 6 months) is questionable. If the authors wanted to assess the safety and effectiveness of this approach, it would appear more logical to compare outcomes in similar patients managed using conservative medical treatment.